Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The relationship between hypertension and thoracic spine bone mineral density: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

BMC musculoskeletal disorders·2026

Same author

GATE Monte Carlo evaluation of cellular dosimetry for <sup>119</sup>Sb in targeted radionuclide therapy.

EJNMMI physics·2026

Same author

Nanoparticle-mediated radiosensitization in colorectal cancer radiation therapy: A narrative review on mechanisms, clinical translation, and future perspectives.

Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine·2026

Same author

Copper-cysteamine nanoparticles in cancer treatment: a systematic review.

Cell biology and toxicology·2025

Same author

Folic Acid, Folate Conjugates and Folate Receptors: Novel Applications in Imaging of Cancer and Inflammation-Related Conditions.

Cancer management and research·2025

Same author

Hybrid Radiomics and Machine Learning for Brain Tumors Multi-Task Classification: An Exploratory Study on Integrating GLCM and Curvelet-Based Features for Enhanced Accuracy.

Health science reports·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Characterization of Recombination Effects in a Liquid Ionization Chamber Used for the Dosimetry of a Radiosurgical Accelerator

Characterization of Recombination Effects in a Liquid Ionization Chamber Used for the Dosimetry of a Radiosurgical Accelerator

Published on: May 9, 2014

An Analytical Method to Calculate Phantom Scatter Factor for Photon Beam Accelerators.

Mohammad Javad Tahmasebi Birgani¹, Nahid Chegeni², Mohammad Ali Behrooz³

¹Ph.D. of Medical Physics, Professor, Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Therapy and Medical Physics Department, Golestan Hospital, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences: Ahvaz, Iran.

Electronic Physician

|March 1, 2017

Summary

This study introduces an analytical method to accurately determine the phantom scatter factor (Sp) for radiotherapy, crucial for treatment planning systems. The new approach ensures consistent collimator openings, improving accuracy, especially for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).

Keywords:

Phantom scatter factor Radiotherapy Total scatter factor

More Related Videos

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Published on: March 11, 2021

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels

Published on: September 8, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Characterization of Recombination Effects in a Liquid Ionization Chamber Used for the Dosimetry of a Radiosurgical Accelerator

Characterization of Recombination Effects in a Liquid Ionization Chamber Used for the Dosimetry of a Radiosurgical Accelerator

Published on: May 9, 2014

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Published on: March 11, 2021

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels

Published on: September 8, 2016

Area of Science:

Medical Physics
Radiation Oncology
Radiotherapy Treatment Planning

Background:

The phantom scatter factor (Sp) is a critical input for radiotherapy treatment planning systems.
Accurate Sp determination requires consistent collimator openings across all radiation fields.
Existing methods face challenges, particularly with small fields used in IMRT.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and validate an analytical method for determining the phantom scatter factor (Sp).
To overcome the limitation of requiring identical collimator openings for all radiation fields.
To enhance the accuracy of radiotherapy treatment planning, especially for IMRT applications.

Main Methods:

Measurements were conducted using a Siemens Primus Plus at 6 MV photon energy.
The phantom scatter factor (Sp) was calculated by dividing total scatter output factors (Scp) by collimator scatter factors (Sc).
The method was applied to field sizes ranging from 5x5 cm² to 40x40 cm².

Main Results:

The analytical method demonstrated a mean percent difference of 1.00% for a 5x5 cm² field size.
A mean percent difference of -3.11% was observed for a 40x40 cm² field size.
The results indicate good agreement between measured and calculated Sp values.

Conclusions:

The proposed analytical method is effective for determining the phantom scatter factor (Sp).
This method is particularly advantageous for small fields in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).
It addresses the unreliability of measuring collimator scatter factor (Sc) in small fields due to lateral electron disequilibrium.