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Mitochondrial Modification Techniques and Ethical Issues.

Lucía Gómez-Tatay1,2,3, José M Hernández-Andreu4,5, Justo Aznar6

  • 1Escuela de Doctorado Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia 46001, Spain. lucia.gomez@ucv.es.

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|March 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondrial replacement and gene editing aim to prevent mitochondrial disease transmission but raise ethical and safety concerns. Current methods are not yet safe for human application due to genetic modification and potential DNA mismatches.

Keywords:
CRISPRTALENsethicsgene editingmaternal spindle transfermitochondrial diseasemitochondrial replacementpolar body transferpronuclear transfer

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive medicine
  • Genetics
  • Bioethics

Background:

  • Mitochondrial diseases are inherited maternally.
  • Preventing transmission involves germline genetic modification.
  • Mitochondrial replacement and gene editing are emerging techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate current techniques for preventing mitochondrial disease transmission.
  • To discuss the ethical and safety implications of these technologies.
  • To assess the readiness of these methods for human application.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on mitochondrial replacement and gene editing.
  • Ethical analysis of germline modification and safety concerns.
  • Comparative assessment of different preventative strategies.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial replacement and gene editing have been applied in humans.
  • Techniques raise ethical issues, including germline modification.
  • Safety concerns include DNA mismatch, carryover, and reversion.

Conclusions:

  • No current technique for preventing mitochondrial disease transmission is safe for human application.
  • Ethical advantages vary between techniques.
  • Further research is needed to address safety and ethical challenges.