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Related Concept Videos

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Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

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The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Pulse assessment sites are crucial in evaluating a patient's cardiovascular health. By assessing the pulsations of arteries at specific anatomical locations, healthcare professionals can gather valuable information about blood flow, heart rate, and peripheral circulation. Understanding these pulse assessment sites is essential for conducting comprehensive cardiovascular evaluations and monitoring patients' overall health. These sites are strategically chosen due to the accessibility and...
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The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
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Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly
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Charcot Foot.

H Zwipp1, S Rammelt1, C Dahlen1

  • 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany.

Der Orthopade
|March 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Charcot foot, a stage of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN), involves progressive muscle atrophy and severe foot/ankle deformities. Early detection and surgical interventions can prevent further complications and improve long-term outcomes.

Keywords:
Key words Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease • HMSN • Diabetic polyneuropathy • Osteoarthropathy • Pes cavus • Neuropathic ankle fracture

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Charcot foot is historically linked to stage 4 of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN), also known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
  • This progressive neurological disorder primarily affects the feet and ankles, leading to muscle weakness, deformities like pes cavus, and eventual arthropathy.
  • The condition can advance to stage 5, characterized by neuropathic fractures of the ankle due to repetitive microtrauma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate Charcot foot in HMSN from diabetic Charcot ankle.
  • To outline diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for both conditions.
  • To emphasize the importance of early detection and appropriate management to prevent severe deformities and functional loss.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations and historical definitions of Charcot foot.
  • Discussion of diagnostic tools, including nerve conduction studies.
  • Analysis of surgical interventions such as tendon transfers, osteotomies, arthrodesis, and amputation.
  • Emphasis on post-operative care including non-weight-bearing and immobilization.

Main Results:

  • Charcot foot in HMSN presents with intrinsic foot muscle weakness, progressing to fixed deformities and ankle arthrosis.
  • Diabetic arthropathy (Type IV) requires specific management, often tibiocalcanear arthrodesis.
  • Surgical interventions can correct deformities and prevent the need for more extensive procedures like triple arthrodesis.
  • Appropriate post-operative care significantly reduces implant failure rates.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis of Charcot foot in HMSN through nerve conduction studies is crucial for timely intervention.
  • Surgical correction, including ankle or double arthrodesis, is indicated for advanced stages of Charcot foot and diabetic arthropathy.
  • Prolonged non-weight-bearing and immobilization are essential for successful surgical outcomes in both conditions.
  • Salvage procedures like modified Pirogoff amputation may be necessary for infection or necrosis.