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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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The thigh's motion is primarily governed by muscles originating in the pelvic girdle and inserted into the femur. One crucial muscle, the iliopsoas, is a combination of the psoas major and the iliacus muscles, sharing a common insertion point on the lesser trochanter of the femur.
Three other significant muscles are the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus. The gluteus maximus originates from the posterior surface of the ilium, sacrum, and coccyx, and the thoracolumbar...
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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Muscles that Move the Leg01:23

Muscles that Move the Leg

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The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed...
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Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
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Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field
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An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

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Athletic Hip Injuries.

T Sean Lynch1, Asheesh Bedi, Christopher M Larson

  • 1From Columbia Orthopaedics, the Center for Shoulder, Elbow and Sports Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (Dr. Lynch), the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MedSport, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI (Dr. Bedi), and the Minnesota Orthopedic Sports Medicine Institute at Twin Cities Orthopedics, Edina, MN (Dr. Larson).

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
|March 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Athletic hip injuries are increasingly common and challenging to diagnose. Prompt identification and intervention are crucial for treating these debilitating sports-related conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Athletic Training

Background:

  • Athletic hip injuries, historically under-recognized, constitute ~6% of all sports injuries and are rising.
  • Diagnosis and management pose challenges for physicians due to complex presentations.
  • Commonly seen in athletes involved in cutting/pivoting sports, often involving the "sports hip triad" (adductor strains, osteitis pubis, athletic pubalgia/core muscle injury) potentially linked to femoroacetabular impingement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic complexities and clinical challenges associated with athletic hip injuries.
  • To emphasize the importance of timely diagnosis and intervention for debilitating hip conditions in athletes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on athletic hip injuries.
  • Discussion of the "sports hip triad" and associated conditions.
  • Exploration of differential diagnoses including intra-articular, extra-articular, and referred pain sources.

Main Results:

  • Athletic hip conditions are multifactorial, involving a combination of injuries and biomechanical limitations.
  • Femoroacetabular impingement can underlie range-of-motion deficits contributing to other hip pathologies.
  • Pain generators can originate from intra-articular structures, soft-tissue restraints, and referred pain from spinal, visceral, or reproductive sources.

Conclusions:

  • Athletic hip injuries require a comprehensive diagnostic approach due to their complexity and potential for multiple contributing factors.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective management and return to sport.
  • Understanding the interplay of femoroacetabular impingement, core muscle injuries, and referred pain is critical for team physicians.