Anatomy of an occlusal splint

Area of Science:

• Dental Science
• Neurophysiology
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Occlusal splints (bite guards) are common dental devices.
• They aim to relax jaw muscles, prevent TMJ trauma, protect teeth, and manage headaches.
• However, their overall effectiveness is debated, with studies showing only modest indications of benefit.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the usefulness of various occlusal splint designs and functions.
• To apply principles of neurophysiology in evaluating occlusal splint efficacy.
• To introduce a novel occlusal splint design informed by neurophysiological principles.

Main Methods:

• Literature review applying neurophysiological principles.
• Analysis of occlusal splint designs and their functional mechanisms.
• Description of a unique occlusal splint based on neurophysiology.

Main Results:

• Existing occlusal splints demonstrate only modest clinical utility.
• Neurophysiological principles offer a framework for understanding splint function.
• A novel splint design integrating neurophysiological concepts is presented.

Conclusions:

• The effectiveness of traditional occlusal splints is limited.
• A neurophysiology-based approach can guide the development of more effective oral appliances.
• The described novel splint design holds potential for improved patient outcomes.