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Organic Compounds03:02

Organic Compounds

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All living things are formed mostly of carbon compounds called organic compounds. The category of organic compounds includes both natural and synthetic compounds that contain carbon. Although a single, precise definition has yet to be identified by the chemistry community, most agree that a defining trait of organic molecules is the presence of carbon as the principal element, bonded to hydrogen and other carbon atoms. However, some carbon-containing compounds such as carbonates, cyanides, and...
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What is Organic Chemistry?02:17

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Organic chemistry is the study of compounds of carbon called organic compounds. Organic compounds either originate from living organisms or are synthesized by chemists. A defining trait of these compounds is the presence of carbon as the principal element, which is bonded to other carbon atoms and other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. The existence of a wide array of organic molecules is a consequence of carbon atoms’ ability to form up to four strong bonds to...
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The molecular orbital theory describes the distribution of electrons in molecules in a manner similar to the distribution of electrons in atomic orbitals. The region of space in which a valence electron in a molecule is likely to be found is called a molecular orbital. Mathematically, the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) generates molecular orbitals. Combinations of in-phase atomic orbital wave functions result in regions with a high probability of electron density, while...
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Life on Earth is carbon-based, as all macromolecules that make up living organisms contain carbon atoms. All organic compounds have a carbon backbone. Each carbon atom is tetravalent and can bond with four other atoms, making it an extraordinarily flexible component of biological molecules. Because carbon’s valence electrons are stable, it rarely becomes an ion. As the carbon chain increases in length, structural modifications such as ring structures, double bonds, and branching side...
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Properties of Organometallic Compounds01:23

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Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
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Overview of Advanced Functional Groups02:22

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

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Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.
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Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
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The atom, the molecule, and the covalent organic framework.

Christian S Diercks1, Omar M Yaghi2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Berkeley Global Science Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
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Summary

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) extend covalent bonding to 2D and 3D materials. Recent advances combine covalent and mechanical bonds in COFs, enabling flexible, dynamic woven structures.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • The covalent bond is fundamental to organic molecule synthesis.
  • Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent a significant extension of covalent bonding into extended 2D and 3D networks.
  • COFs are constructed from light elements and exhibit robust crystalline, porous structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the extension of covalent bond chemistry into framework materials.
  • To highlight the development of robust, porous COFs.
  • To introduce the integration of mechanical bonds with covalent bonds in COFs for novel material properties.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of crystalline, porous covalent organic frameworks (COFs).
  • Characterization of COF architecture and chemical properties.
  • Integration of mechanical bonds within COF structures.

Main Results:

  • Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are formed by linking organic molecules via covalent bonds.
  • These frameworks are characterized by high architectural and chemical robustness, maintaining porosity and crystallinity.
  • The incorporation of mechanical bonds into COFs allows for the creation of woven structures with inherent flexibility and dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offer a versatile platform for advanced materials.
  • The ability to perform chemistry on COFs without compromising structural integrity is a key advantage.
  • The combination of covalent and mechanical bonding in COFs opens new avenues for designing dynamic and flexible materials.