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Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
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Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
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After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt secretion,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Microfluidic Production of Lysolipid-Containing Temperature-Sensitive Liposomes
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Intravesical liposome therapy for interstitial cystitis.

Pradeep Tyagi1, Mahendra Kashyap1, Tsuyoshi Majima2

  • 1Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

International Journal of Urology : Official Journal of the Japanese Urological Association
|March 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Liposomes are biocompatible carriers for intravesical drug delivery, enhancing bladder penetration. Sphingomyelin liposomes show promise for treating interstitial cystitis and overactive bladder.

Keywords:
anti-inflammatoryendocytosisinterstitial cystitisliposomesproliposome

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Pharmacology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Liposomes are lipid-based carriers investigated for intravesical drug administration.
  • Their structure aids adherence and uptake by bladder luminal cells.
  • Liposomes enhance drug penetration across the bladder epithelium.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review liposome properties relevant to intravesical therapy.
  • To summarize clinical studies of intravesical liposomes.
  • To cover recent developments in liposome-based bladder delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on liposomes for intravesical delivery.
  • Analysis of liposome properties, including adherence and penetration enhancement.
  • Summary of clinical trials involving sphingomyelin liposomes and botulinum toxin delivery.

Main Results:

  • Liposomes facilitate drug and oligonucleotide penetration into the bladder.
  • Sphingomyelin liposomes demonstrate potential for treating interstitial cystitis.
  • Liposomes serve as effective platforms for botulinum toxin delivery in overactive bladder.

Conclusions:

  • Liposomes offer intrinsic therapeutic effects and enhance drug delivery via the intravesical route.
  • Sphingomyelin liposomes represent a novel intravesical therapy for interstitial cystitis.
  • Liposomes are a versatile platform for intravesical treatments, including botulinum toxin for overactive bladder.