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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Processing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Matched Blood for Alveolar Macrophage and CD4+ T-cell Immunophenotyping and HIV Reservoir Assessment
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Processing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Matched Blood for Alveolar Macrophage and CD4+ T-cell Immunophenotyping and HIV Reservoir Assessment

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HIV-Associated Lung Cancer.

Til R Kiderlen, Jan Siehl, Marcus Hentrich

    Oncology Research and Treatment
    |March 6, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Persons living with HIV have a higher risk of lung cancer (LC) and are diagnosed at later stages. Smoking cessation is the primary prevention, while treatment mirrors general guidelines, with special considerations for HIV coinfection.

    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Lung cancer (LC) is a frequent malignancy in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWHIV), occurring at higher rates than in HIV-negative individuals.
    • PLWHIV with LC are often diagnosed at younger ages and more advanced stages.
    • Pathogenesis involves immunosuppression, chronic infections, and the oncogenic effects of smoking and HIV.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of lung cancer in PLWHIV.
    • To highlight the unique challenges and considerations for managing LC in this population.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of studies on lung cancer in PLWHIV.
    • Analysis of current treatment standards and emerging therapies.

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    Main Results:

    • Smoking cessation is the most effective preventive measure due to the lack of established screening protocols.
    • Standard treatment protocols apply, with immuno-oncology becoming relevant for a subset of patients.
    • Management requires a multidisciplinary approach considering drug interactions and toxicities specific to HIV coinfection.

    Conclusions:

    • Lung cancer presents unique challenges in PLWHIV, necessitating tailored management strategies.
    • Further research is needed on targeted therapies and checkpoint inhibitors in HIV-infected patients with LC.