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Related Concept Videos

Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

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The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Anatomy of the Heart01:27

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The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
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Development of the Heart01:27

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The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Cardiac Spheroids as in vitro Bioengineered Heart Tissues to Study Human Heart Pathophysiology
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Bioengineering Hearts: Simple yet Complex.

Doris A Taylor1, Rohan B Parikh1, Luiz C Sampaio1

  • 1Regenerative Medicine Research, Texas Heart Institute, PO Box 20345, Houston, TX 77225-0345 USA.

Current Stem Cell Reports
|March 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cardiovascular regenerative medicine advances tissue engineering for organ development. Building a functional heart requires integrating scaffolds, cell sources, and engineering, paving the way for bioartificial organs.

Keywords:
Decellularized extracellular matrixHeartRegenerative medicineStem cellsTissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular regenerative medicine
  • Tissue engineering
  • Bioengineering

Background:

  • Regenerative medicine aims to repair, regenerate, or replace damaged tissues and organs.
  • First-generation therapies included gene therapy, followed by cell therapy with mixed results for ischemic injury.
  • Cell therapy alone is insufficient for end-stage heart failure, highlighting the need for whole organ regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in cardiovascular regenerative medicine and the process of building a heart.
  • To summarize essential components, challenges, and translational steps in organ development.
  • To explore opportunities for discovery in creating functional bioartificial organs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current research in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for cardiovascular applications.
  • Focus on scaffold development, cell sourcing, and cell-scaffold integration techniques.
  • Analysis of challenges and opportunities in synthesizing human-sized organs.

Main Results:

  • Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine offer alternative therapies for various diseases, including cardiovascular disorders.
  • Scaffolds, cell types, and their integration are key areas of focus for building organs.
  • Decellularization methods offer promising natural scaffold sources for organ construction.

Conclusions:

  • Regenerative medicine integrates biology, physical sciences, and engineering to create bioartificial organs.
  • A functional cardiac scaffold is crucial for building a heart.
  • Synergy between cell biology, tissue engineering, and scaffold biology is essential for whole organ synthesis.