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Related Concept Videos

Group Design02:01

Group Design

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The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Human development is typically examined across three main domains: physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional. These domains represent the significant areas of change and continuity throughout the lifespan, from infancy to late adulthood.
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Directional Terms01:14

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Directional terms are essential for describing the relative locations of different body structures. For instance, an anatomist might describe one band of tissue as "inferior to" another, or a physician might describe a tumor as "superficial to" a deeper body structure. These terms often use comparative terms in pairs to trace out the relative locations of one body part to another or descriptions of body tissues like the deeper ones from superficially present with reference to...
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Concepts and Prototypes01:24

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The human nervous system handles vast amounts of information by translating sensory stimuli into neural impulses, which the brain processes, creating thoughts expressed through language or stored as memories. The brain also synthesizes information from emotions and memories, which significantly influence thoughts and behaviors. This intricate process creates a comprehensive mental picture.
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Structuralism01:26

Structuralism

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Structuralism, an early psychological theory developed by Wilhelm Wundt and his student Edward Bradford Titchener, sought to dissect the human mind into its most fundamental components. Wundt's groundbreaking work in his laboratory set the stage for Titchener to define structuralism's goal as cataloging the "atoms" of the mind—sensations, images, and feelings—akin to how chemists identify elements of matter.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Assessment and Communication for People with Disorders of Consciousness
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Early and deep: two independent paradigms?

Martine Girard1

  • 1Service de psychiatrie, psychothérapies et art-thérapie, CHU Toulouse, France.

The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis
|March 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Donald Winnicott

Area of Science:

  • Psychoanalytic theory
  • Developmental psychology

Background:

  • Examining Donald Winnicott's relationship with Freudian metapsychology.
  • Addressing Fulgencio's queries on metapsychology and Winnicott's topographical concepts.

Observation:

  • Winnicott's work is often seen as not rejecting Freudian metapsychology.
  • Winnicott introduces concepts of dependence, being, and self, distinct from ego.

Findings:

  • Winnicott's focus on dependence and the self/object topography represents a coexistence, not a rejection, of Freudian metapsychology.
  • A heuristic distinction between early and deep environmental factors is introduced.

Implications:

  • Suggests a dual-paradigm model in psychoanalytic theory rather than a complete overhaul.
Keywords:
GreenWinnicottbeingmetapsychologypaediatric anthropologytopography

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  • Highlights the integration of environmental factors into psychoanalytic understanding.