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Ca2+ influx at the ER/PM junctions.

Woo Young Chung1, Archana Jha1, Malini Ahuja1

  • 1From the Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, United States.

Cell Calcium
|March 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Calcium (Ca2+) influx, crucial for cell signaling and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium replenishment, is mediated by store-operated calcium channels (SOCs). These channels function at ER/plasma membrane junctions, a type of membrane contact site involved in calcium transport.

Keywords:
Ca(2+) influxER/PM junctionsOraisSOCsSTIM1TRPCs

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Calcium (Ca2+) influx is vital for receptor-evoked signaling and replenishing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium stores.
  • Store-operated calcium channels (SOCs) activate in response to ER calcium release, a concept pioneered by Jim Putney.
  • The molecular players in SOCs include TRPC channels, STIM1, and Orai channels, primarily located at ER/plasma membrane junctions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of membrane contact sites (MCSs) in calcium transport.
  • To discuss the regulation and function of SOCs at ER/plasma membrane junctions.
  • To highlight the importance of MCSs in cellular calcium homeostasis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on calcium signaling and membrane contact sites.
  • Analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying store-operated calcium influx.
  • Discussion of the structural and functional aspects of ER/plasma membrane junctions.

Main Results:

  • SOCs, comprising TRPC, STIM1, and Orai proteins, are localized at ER/plasma membrane junctions.
  • These junctions are critical membrane contact sites (MCSs) facilitating calcium transport.
  • MCSs play a broad role in cellular functions, including inter-organelle lipid and calcium delivery.

Conclusions:

  • ER/plasma membrane junctions, a type of MCS, are essential sites for SOC function and calcium influx.
  • MCSs are fundamental to cellular calcium transport and overall calcium homeostasis.
  • Understanding MCSs provides insight into diverse cellular processes regulated by calcium signaling.