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High frequency stimulation induces sonic hedgehog release from hippocampal neurons
Yujuan Su1, Yuan Yuan1, Shengjie Feng1
1Laboratory of Neural Signal Transduction, Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Scientific Reports
|March 7, 2017
Summary
Sonic hedgehog (SHH) is released from hippocampal neurons via synaptic vesicles. High-frequency stimulation triggers this release, which is dependent on extracellular calcium and SNARE proteins.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Sonic hedgehog (SHH) is a crucial secreted protein for central nervous system (CNS) neuronal development.
- The precise mechanisms governing SHH release from neurons are not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the mechanism of Sonic hedgehog (SHH) release from hippocampal neurons.
- To identify factors regulating SHH secretion in the CNS.
Main Methods:
- SHH expression localization in rat hippocampal synaptic vesicles.
- Assessment of SHH release in response to varying stimulation frequencies.
- Experimental manipulation including extracellular calcium removal, tetrodotoxin (TTX) application, and SNARE protein downregulation.
Main Results:
- SHH is primarily localized within synaptic vesicles in the hippocampus of both young and adult rats.
- High-frequency stimulation (HFS), but not low-frequency stimulation, significantly induced SHH release.
- SHH release induced by HFS was inhibited by the removal of extracellular Ca2+, application of TTX, and downregulation of SNARE proteins.
Conclusions:
- A novel mechanism for SHH release from hippocampal neurons involving synaptic vesicles has been identified.
- Neuronal activity, specifically HFS, regulates SHH release.
- Extracellular calcium and SNARE proteins play critical roles in mediating SHH secretion from neurons.
