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Adjusting phenotypes via within- and across-generational plasticity.

Gabriela A Auge1, Lindsay D Leverett1, Brianne R Edwards1

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Transgenerational plasticity, including epigenetic inheritance, is key to adaptive evolution. However, empirical evidence does not consistently support the idea that offspring cues are more predictive of future environments than parental cues for adaptation.

Keywords:
adaptationcuesepigeneticsmaternal effectsparental effectsphenotypic plasticityvariable environments

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Environmental science

Background:

  • Renewed interest exists in how transgenerational environmental effects, such as epigenetic inheritance, influence adaptive evolution.
  • The role of across-generation plasticity in adaptation requires comparison with within-generation plasticity.
  • Within-generation plasticity is often favored due to potentially more accurate offspring environmental cues for predicting selective environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the contribution of across-generation plasticity to adaptation.
  • To compare the predictive accuracy of parental versus offspring environmental cues.
  • To explore the dynamic interplay between within- and across-generation plasticity in adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of recent empirical studies on transgenerational plasticity.
  • Analysis of findings in the context of cue predictive ability, plasticity costs, and constraints.
  • Discussion of the dynamic nature of adaptive value in relation to the adaptation process.

Main Results:

  • Empirical studies do not consistently support the hypothesis that offspring cues are more predictive than parental cues.
  • The adaptive value of plasticity varies dynamically with the ongoing process of adaptation.
  • Costs and constraints affect plasticity in both parental and offspring generations.

Conclusions:

  • The predictive ability of environmental cues is not consistently biased towards offspring.
  • Dynamic selection processes can explain diverse patterns of within- and across-generation plasticity.
  • Transgenerational environmental effects can significantly influence the adaptive value of plasticity.