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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening
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A smartphone-based system for assessing intraocular pressure.

A Mariakakis, E Wang, S Patel

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |March 9, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a smartphone system for measuring intraocular pressure (IOP), aiding glaucoma diagnosis. The low-cost device allows minimally trained users to obtain IOP estimates, improving accessibility to eye care.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Medical Devices

    Background:

    • Intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement is crucial for diagnosing glaucoma.
    • Traditional IOP measurement requires specialized equipment and trained professionals.
    • Limited access to eye care professionals leads to undiagnosed cases.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a smartphone-based system for measuring intraocular pressure (IOP).
    • To enable minimally trained users to perform IOP measurements.
    • To provide an accessible and low-cost method for IOP estimation.

    Main Methods:

    • A mechanical attachment for smartphones was designed to emulate fixed-force tonometry.
    • Video capture through the attachment was utilized for real-time data acquisition.
    • Video processing algorithms were employed to estimate intraocular pressure.

    Main Results:

    • The smartphone system successfully emulates fixed-force tonometry.
    • Preliminary assessments with ex vivo porcine eyes showed high correlations (0.89 and 0.88) with a baseline physical model.
    • The system provides an absolute estimate of intraocular pressure.

    Conclusions:

    • Smartphone-based IOP measurement is feasible with a low-cost attachment.
    • The developed system offers a potential solution for accessible glaucoma screening.
    • Further validation is needed for clinical application in diverse populations.