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Training Persons with Spinal Cord Injury to Ambulate Using a Powered Exoskeleton
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A stimulation-driven exoskeleton for walking after paraplegia.

Sarah R Chang, Mark J Nandor, Lu Li

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |March 9, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study demonstrates a novel hybrid neuroprosthesis (HNP) that restores walking in individuals with spinal cord injury. The untethered exoskeleton, combined with functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS), enabled a paraplegic subject to walk independently.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Neuroscience
    • Rehabilitation Robotics

    Background:

    • Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in paralysis, significantly impacting mobility.
    • Restoring independent locomotion after SCI remains a major challenge in neurorehabilitation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate an untethered hybrid neuroprosthesis (HNP) for restoring gait in an individual with motor-complete paraplegia.
    • To assess the efficacy of combining a passive exoskeleton with functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) for gait restoration.

    Main Methods:

    • Development and implementation of a self-contained HNP with an onboard controller and wireless data transmission.
    • Integration of a passive variable-constraint exoskeleton with FNS to activate paralyzed muscles.
    • Utilized a gait event detector supervisory controller for seamless transitions between gait phases (e.g., double stance, swing).

    Main Results:

    • Successfully restored independent walking capabilities to an individual with motor-complete mid-thoracic paraplegia.
    • The HNP system enabled functional gait transitions including standing up, stepping, and sitting down.
    • Demonstrated real-time control and monitoring of exoskeletal joint states and FNS parameters.

    Conclusions:

    • The "muscle-first" HNP represents a significant advancement in assistive technology for SCI.
    • This untethered system shows promise for enabling functional ambulation in individuals with paralysis.
    • Further research and development could expand the applicability of HNPs for SCI rehabilitation.