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Virus, bacteriophages and water purification.

A H Havelaar1

  • 1Laboratory for Water- and Food Microbiology, National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Hygiene, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.

The Veterinary Quarterly
|October 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary

F specific RNA (FRNA) phages are effective indicators for human pathogenic viruses in water. These phages are abundant in wastewater and resistant to disinfection, making them ideal for monitoring water quality and treatment efficacy.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Water virology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Waterborne viral diseases pose significant public health risks.
  • Direct virological analysis of water is challenging due to practical limitations and the inability to culture many important viruses.
  • Model organisms are needed to assess water virological quality and the effectiveness of virus removal during water treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and validate suitable model organisms for evaluating the virological quality of water.
  • To assess the effectiveness of F specific RNA (FRNA) phages as indicator organisms for human pathogenic viruses.
  • To evaluate the removal efficiency of viruses during water treatment processes.

Main Methods:

  • Selection of F specific RNA (FRNA) phages as model organisms based on published data.
  • Development of a specific Salmonella typhimurium host strain for accurate FRNA phage enumeration.
  • Investigation of FRNA phage prevalence in various wastewater types and their resistance to disinfection methods (chloramines, UV).

Main Results:

  • FRNA phages were detected in high concentrations (10(2)-10(5) pfu/ml) across all investigated wastewater types.
  • FRNA phages were rarely found in non-faecally contaminated wastewater and in surprisingly low numbers in feces.
  • FRNA phages demonstrated high resistance to chloramines and relative resistance to UV inactivation in wastewater effluent.

Conclusions:

  • F specific RNA (FRNA) phages are suitable indicator organisms for human pathogenic viruses in water.
  • FRNA phages can be reliably enumerated using a specific Salmonella typhimurium host strain.
  • The resistance of FRNA phages to disinfection validates their use in evaluating water treatment processes.

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