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The Use of a β-lactamase-based Conductimetric Biosensor Assay to Detect Biomolecular Interactions

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A Urea Potentiometric Biosensor Based on a Thiophene Copolymer.

Cheng-Yuan Kevin Lai¹, Peter J S Foot², John W Brown³

¹Materials Research Centre & School of LSPC, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK. kevinla.lai@msa.hinet.net.

|March 10, 2017

Summary

This study developed a novel potentiometric enzyme biosensor for urea detection. The P(3HT-co-3TAA) modified electrode shows promise for monitoring urea levels in various applications.

Keywords:

biosensors conducting polymer polythiophene potentiometry urea urease

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Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

Electrochemistry
Materials Science
Biotechnology

Background:

Potentiometric enzyme biosensors offer a convenient method for urea quantification.
Monitoring urea levels is crucial for industrial processes and medical diagnostics (diabetes, kidney, liver conditions).

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize a novel copolymer, poly(3-hexylthiophene-co-3-thiopheneacetic acid) (P(3HT-co-3TAA)).
To develop a potentiometric enzyme biosensor by immobilizing urease (Urs) onto P(3HT-co-3TAA) modified electrodes for urea detection.

Main Methods:

Chemical synthesis and characterization of P(3HT-co-3TAA).
Spin-coating of the copolymer onto indium tin oxide (ITO) glass electrodes.
Covalent immobilization of urease (Urs) using carbodiimide coupling.
Electrochemical analysis (cyclic voltammetry) and spectrophotometry to assess sensor performance and enzyme activity.

Main Results:

The modified Urs/P(3HT-co-3TAA)/ITO electrode demonstrated electrochemical stability.
Enzyme activity was successfully confirmed after immobilization.
The biosensor exhibited a quasi-Nernstian potentiometric response for urea detection up to approximately 5 mM.
Response time showed a half-time of less than 1 minute, with full equilibration in 10 minutes.

Conclusions:

The developed enzyme biosensor based on P(3HT-co-3TAA) is effective for potentiometric determination of urea concentrations.
This biosensor shows potential for applications in industrial monitoring and clinical diagnostics requiring urea level assessment.