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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Radii03:10

Ionic Radii

33.6K
Ionic radius is the measure used to describe the size of an ion. A cation always has fewer electrons and the same number of protons as the parent atom; it is smaller than the atom from which it is derived. For example, the covalent radius of an aluminum atom (1s22s22p63s23p1) is 118 pm, whereas the ionic radius of an Al3+ (1s22s22p6) is 68 pm. As electrons are removed from the outer valence shell, the remaining core electrons occupying smaller shells experience a greater effective nuclear...
33.6K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

131.4K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
131.4K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.2K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.2K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.3K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
68.3K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

17.2K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
17.2K
Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

87.9K
An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
87.9K

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High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging of DNA Three-Point-Star Motif Self Assembly Using Photothermal Off-Resonance Tapping
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Linear and Star Poly(ionic liquid) Assemblies: Surface Monolayers and Multilayers.

Andrew J Erwin1, Weinan Xu1, Hongkun He2

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|March 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) for advanced material applications. Researchers found that controlling polymer architecture and assembly conditions creates unique, textured morphologies for membranes and coatings.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) offer unique properties due to their ionic nature and polymer backbone.
  • Controlling the self-assembly of polymers is crucial for designing functional nanomaterials.
  • Understanding interfacial phenomena is key to developing advanced material structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the surface morphology and organization of poly[1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-3-butylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide] (PIL).
  • To explore the influence of molecular architecture, adsorption, and postassembly treatments on PIL self-assembly.
  • To demonstrate the formation of stable PIL monolayers and multilayers with tunable morphologies.

Main Methods:

  • Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) monolayer formation at air-water and air-solid interfaces.
  • Incorporation of PILs into layer-by-layer (LbL) films.
  • Analysis of surface morphology and organization through advanced characterization techniques.

Main Results:

  • Stable PIL Langmuir and LB monolayers were formed.
  • The hydrophobic bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion critically governed assembly morphology, enabling reversible nanodroplet condensation.
  • PIL incorporation into LbL films resulted in highly textured, porous, and interconnected network morphologies due to capillary forces, macromolecular mobility, and chain relaxation.

Conclusions:

  • PILs can be assembled into stable monolayers and complex multilayers with tunable morphologies.
  • The hydrophobic anion and interplay of forces are crucial for controlling PIL assembly.
  • The resulting PIL structures are promising for applications in molecular separation, hydrophobic coatings, drug delivery, and conductive films.