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Inhibition difficulties in preterm children: Developmental delay or persistent deficit?

Morgane Réveillon1, Petra S Hüppi2, Koviljka Barisnikov1

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Child Neuropsychology : a Journal on Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence
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Preterm children often show delayed inhibition skills, with some catching up before adolescence. However, interference control issues can persist into early adulthood, impacting executive functions.

Keywords:
Assessment toolsInterference controlMaturational delayPrematurityResponse inhibition

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Executive functions (EFs) are crucial for cognitive control.
  • Preterm birth is associated with challenges in developing EFs, particularly inhibition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and classify studies on response inhibition and interference control in preterm children and adolescents (3-16 years).
  • To discuss findings in relation to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and methodological considerations.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and classification of behavioral studies assessing inhibition.
  • Inclusion of studies utilizing behavioral assessments and fMRI.

Main Results:

  • Behavioral studies indicate a developmental delay in inhibition abilities during early school age.
  • A catch-up in response inhibition is observed before adolescence, with fewer difficulties noted in pre-adolescence.
  • Persistent interference control difficulties are reported extending into early adulthood.

Conclusions:

  • Preterm children exhibit a distinct developmental trajectory for inhibition skills.
  • Methodological refinements are necessary to accurately define the developmental course of inhibition in this population.