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Estimation of decrease in cancer risk by biodegradation of PAHs content from an urban traffic soil.

Abhrajyoti Tarafdar1, Alok Sinha2

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Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
|March 11, 2017
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Summary

Microbial consortia effectively degraded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), reducing cancer risk. Lower molecular weight PAHs biodegraded faster, but higher molecular weight PAHs contributed more to residual risk.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Environmental chemistry
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants with carcinogenic properties.
  • Urban traffic soils are significant reservoirs of PAHs, posing risks to human health.
  • Preferential biodegradation by microbial consortia offers a potential bioremediation strategy for PAH-contaminated sites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of preferential biodegradation in reducing cancer risk associated with PAHs.
  • To assess the efficacy of a microbial consortium from oil refinery soil in degrading PAHs from urban traffic soil.
  • To determine the impact of PAH biodegradation on human cancer risk for children and adults.

Main Methods:

  • A microbial consortium was isolated from aged oil refinery-exposed soil.
  • The consortium was used in a batch process to biodegrade 13 PAHs in mineral salt broth, using PAHs as the sole carbon source.
  • Cancer risk reduction was calculated based on the percentage decrease in PAHs and influential exposure parameters.

Main Results:

  • 70.46% total biodegradation of PAHs was achieved within 25 days.
  • Sequential biodegradation occurred, with lower molecular weight (LMW) PAHs degrading more readily than higher molecular weight (HMW) PAHs.
  • Cancer risk decreased by 40.26%, with significant reductions observed for both children and adults, though HMW PAHs contributed disproportionately to residual risk.

Conclusions:

  • Preferential biodegradation by microbial consortia can reduce PAH contamination and associated cancer risk.
  • The higher carcinogenicity of HMW PAHs means their persistence significantly influences residual cancer risk.
  • Skin adherence factor and exposure duration are key parameters influencing cancer risk from soil PAHs.