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We discovered a new space-time vortex turbulence phase in driven open condensates. This phase exhibits nonthermal behavior and is driven by strong nonequilibrium conditions, offering new insights into quantum systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Non-equilibrium statistical mechanics

Background:

  • One-dimensional driven open condensates exhibit complex behaviors under non-equilibrium conditions.
  • Understanding phase transitions and emergent phenomena in such systems is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phase transitions in one-dimensional driven open condensates.
  • To characterize the novel nonequilibrium phase and its properties.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a first-order phase transition driven by the strength of non-equilibrium conditions.
  • Identification and characterization of a new stable non-equilibrium phase: space-time vortex turbulence.

Main Results:

  • A first-order phase transition was identified in driven open condensates.
  • A new stable phase, space-time vortex turbulence, was discovered with nonthermal vortex density and quasiparticle distribution.
  • A new time scale related to noise-activated vortices was found, altering temporal coherence decay.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a novel space-time vortex turbulent phase in driven open condensates.
  • Experimental realization is feasible in systems with high diffusion rates.
  • Findings advance the understanding of non-equilibrium physics and emergent phenomena.