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Related Concept Videos

Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

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Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
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Naturalistic Observations02:30

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If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
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Data collection refers to a systematic way of obtaining, observing, measuring, and analyzing accurate information. Observational studies are one of the most widely used methods of data collection. It involves collecting data by observing the behavior and physical characteristics of a sample without making any modifications to the sample.
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According to obedience research, we may harm others under the forceful pressures of an authority figure (Milgram, 1974). How about if the inappropriate orders were delivered with less force? The increasing interdependence between nurses and physicians compelled Hofling and his colleagues to explore nurses’ reactions to a potentially harmful medical request made by the perceived authority figure, the doctor (Hofling, Brotzman, Dalrymple, Graves, & Pierce, 1966). In this situation,...
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Methods of Documentation VII: EMR01:30

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Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) primarily center around electronically documenting patients' health information within a single healthcare organization or practice. They contain essential clinical data related to a patient's medical history, diagnoses, medications, treatment plans, lab results, and other pertinent information relevant to the specific encounter or episode of care. EMRs are designed to streamline documentation and workflow processes within individual healthcare...
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Methods of Documentation II: POMR01:26

Methods of Documentation II: POMR

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The Problem-Oriented Medical Record (POMR) revolutionized medical record-keeping by introducing a systematic approach focusing on the patient's problems rather than merely listing symptoms. Dr. Lawrence Weed's introduction of this method in the 1960s marked a significant advancement in medical documentation. The POMR framework consists of four key components: the database, problem list, plan of care, and progress notes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Setting Up a Stroke Team Algorithm and Conducting Simulation-based Training in the Emergency Department - A Practical Guide
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What do emergency physicians in charge do? A qualitative observational study.

Ian Hosking1, Adrian Boyle2, Vazeer Ahmed2

  • 1Engineering Design Centre, Cambridge University, Cambridge, England.

Emergency Medicine Journal : EMJ
|March 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Emergency physicians in charge (EPiC) utilize nine distinct problem-solving strategies to manage patient flow in large emergency departments (EDs). These approaches aid in training and understanding ED management.

Keywords:
Emergency department crowdingheuristicsmanagementovercrowdingpatient flowsafety

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Healthcare Management
  • Operations Research

Background:

  • The role of the emergency physician in charge (EPiC) has emerged in large emergency departments (EDs) to optimize patient flow.
  • Understanding the specific problem-solving actions required by EPiCs is crucial for effective ED operations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe and classify the diverse problem-solving actions undertaken by emergency physicians in charge.
  • To provide a framework for understanding and training the EPiC role in managing emergency departments.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative research methods including in-depth interviews with senior emergency physicians.
  • Iterative, observational studies utilizing continuous reflective inquiry within a single ED setting.
  • Consensus-based review and classification of identified problem-solving approaches.

Main Results:

  • Nine distinct problem-solving approaches were identified and categorized: deflecting, front loading, placing, plucking, flooding, targeting, chasing, guiding, and juggling.
  • These approaches offer a structured understanding of the EPiC's role in managing ED dynamics.
  • The identified strategies are valuable for educational purposes and enhancing ED operational efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Emergency physicians in charge employ a defined set of problem-solving strategies that can be clearly articulated.
  • The described and categorized approaches provide a foundation for improving ED management and training.
  • These findings have potential applications in the development of decision support software for emergency departments.