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Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
Published on: October 15, 2019
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The gut microbiome and microbial translocation in multiple sclerosis.
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 4258 Alfred Taubman Biomedical Sciences Research Bldg. 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 4258 Alfred Taubman Biomedical Sciences Research Bldg. 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, United States.
Clinical Immunology (Orlando, Fla.)
|March 14, 2017
Summary
Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients exhibit altered gut microbiota and bacterial translocation, impacting immune responses and potentially contributing to MS development. Microbiota-targeted therapies offer a promising avenue for MS treatment.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimmunology
- Microbiome Research
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) possess a unique intestinal microbial community (microbiota).
- MS patients show increased low-grade translocation of gut bacteria into circulation.
- Gut bacteria composition and translocation influence immune functions critical to MS pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the implications of MS intestinal microbiota on systemic and central nervous system (CNS) immunopathology.
- To explore the potential role of low-grade microbial translocation (LG-MT) in MS development.
- To discuss the potential of microbiota-based therapies for managing MS.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on the interplay between gut microbiota, microbial translocation, and MS.
- Analysis of immune regulatory functions affected by gut bacteria in MS.
- Discussion of therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiome in MS.
Main Results:
- Distinct gut microbiota composition in MS patients is linked to altered immune regulation.
- Low-grade microbial translocation may contribute to systemic and CNS immune dysregulation in MS.
- Changes in microbiota affect peripheral regulatory T cell function, blood-brain barrier permeability, and CNS-resident cell activity.
Conclusions:
- The gut microbiota and microbial translocation are significant factors in MS immunopathology.
- Understanding these gut-related mechanisms opens avenues for novel therapeutic interventions.
- Microbiota-targeted therapies hold promise for future MS management strategies.
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