Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects01:29

Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects

387
Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...
387
Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

808
Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
Biological Factors in Depression
Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...
808
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

19.0K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
19.0K
Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

946
Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
946
Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model01:29

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model

370
The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...
370
Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

1.1K
Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

In Utero PFAS Exposure, Inflammation, and Behavioral Problems in Childhood.

Environmental research·2026
Same author

Mind-wandering content in major depressive disorder: A preregistered secondary analysis.

Journal of affective disorders·2026
Same author

Cardiac rhythm development: A wearable device index of risk for physical and mental illness in adolescence.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Harmonized psychiatric diagnosis data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.

Research square·2026
Same author

Decomposing neuroanatomical heterogeneity in depression: insights from an ENIGMA major depressive disorder working group study in 5146 individuals.

Translational psychiatry·2026
Same author

Estimating high-resolution albedo for urban applications.

Nature communications·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
08:42

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression

Published on: May 19, 2015

11.3K

Negative Self-Referential Processing Predicts the Recurrence of Major Depressive Episodes.

Joelle LeMoult1, Katharina Kircanski1, Gautam Prasad2

  • 1Stanford University.

Clinical Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science
|March 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) often face recurrent episodes. Negatively biased self-referential processing uniquely predicts future depressive episodes, suggesting it as a key intervention target.

Keywords:
cognitive processesdepressionrecurrenceself-referent encoding

More Related Videos

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:14

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

1.2K
A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats
07:57

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats

Published on: February 22, 2018

22.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
08:42

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression

Published on: May 19, 2015

11.3K
Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:14

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

1.2K
A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats
07:57

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats

Published on: February 22, 2018

22.5K

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) frequently recurs, yet underlying cognitive mechanisms remain unclear.
  • Understanding risk factors for recurrent depression is crucial for effective prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cognitive mechanisms, specifically negatively biased self-referential processing, as predictors of depressive episode recurrence in women with a history of recurrent MDD.
  • To examine the roles of negative life events, baseline depressive symptoms, and medication use in predicting depression recurrence.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study design tracking women with a history of recurrent Major Depressive Disorder.
  • Assessment of negatively biased self-referential processing, negative life events, baseline depressive symptoms, and psychotropic medication use.
  • Statistical analysis to determine unique predictive contributions to subsequent depressive episodes over three years.

Main Results:

  • Higher baseline depressive symptoms predicted more negative life events, which in turn were associated with depression recurrence.
  • Negatively biased self-referential processing significantly and uniquely predicted the onset of future depressive episodes, independent of other factors.
  • This cognitive bias emerged as a key risk factor for recurrent Major Depressive Disorder.

Conclusions:

  • Negatively biased self-referential processing is a significant risk factor for Major Depressive Disorder recurrence.
  • Targeting this cognitive bias in interventions may help prevent future depressive episodes in at-risk individuals.
  • Further research should explore the clinical utility of addressing self-referential processing in treating recurrent depression.