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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Measurement of Extracellular Ion Fluxes Using the Ion-selective Self-referencing Microelectrode Technique

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Published on: May 3, 2015

Single-molecule electrometry.

Francesca Ruggeri¹, Franziska Zosel², Natalie Mutter²

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.

Nature Nanotechnology

|March 14, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method for precisely measuring the electrical charge of single biological macromolecules like proteins and nucleic acids in solution. This technique allows real-time analysis of molecular charge, enabling detection of modifications and structural changes.

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Area of Science:

Biophysics
Biochemistry
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Molecular mass determination is precise, but molecular charge measurement is challenging.
Electrical charge is a fundamental property of biological macromolecules.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and demonstrate a method for high-precision (<1e) measurement of macromolecular electrical charge in solution.
To enable real-time probing of molecular structure, fluctuations, and interactions.

Main Methods:

Parallel external field-free trapping of single macromolecules.
High-precision electrometry.
Real-time measurement.

Main Results:

Achieved high-precision (<1e) measurements of electrical charge for nucleic acids, globular proteins, and disordered proteins.
Enabled estimation of the dielectric coefficient of the molecular interior.
Demonstrated direct detection of single amino acid substitutions and chemical modifications in proteins.

Conclusions:

This high-precision electrometry method overcomes a long-standing challenge in macromolecular analysis.
The technique provides a powerful tool for studying single-molecule behavior, including structural conformation and interactions in solution.