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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
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Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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Association between increased plasma ceramides and chronic kidney disease in patients with and without ischemic heart disease.

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PNPLA3 polymorphism influences the association between high-normal TSH level and NASH in euthyroid adults with biopsy-proven NAFLD.

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Efficacy and safety of anti-hyperglycaemic drugs in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with or without diabetes: An updated systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

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Higher liver stiffness scores are associated with early kidney dysfunction in patients with histologically proven non-cirrhotic NAFLD.

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Updated: Mar 6, 2026

An Advanced Murine Model for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Association with Type 2 Diabetes
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Type 2 Diabetes and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Risk Factors and Pathogenesis.

P Wainwright1,2, E Scorletti3,4, C D Byrne3,4

  • 1Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK. patrick.wainwright@uhs.nhs.uk.

Current Diabetes Reports
|March 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Type 2 diabetes significantly increases hepatocellular carcinoma risk. Metformin may lower risk, while insulin and sulfonylureas might increase it, highlighting complex pathophysiological links.

Keywords:
DiabetesHepatocellular carcinomaNon-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseObesityPathogenesisRisk factors

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Author Spotlight: Investigating Hepatic Adaptations and Prediabetic Progression in Liver Diseases
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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology and Endocrinology
  • Cancer Epidemiology

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes is a growing global health concern.
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence is rising, particularly in conjunction with metabolic syndrome.
  • Understanding the diabetes-HCC link is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review epidemiological evidence linking type 2 diabetes (T2D) and HCC.
  • To explore the complex pathophysiological mechanisms involved in T2D-associated HCC.
  • To assess the impact of T2D medications on HCC risk.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of epidemiological studies.
  • Analysis of pathophysiological pathways.
  • Evaluation of T2D treatment effects on HCC risk.

Main Results:

  • Type 2 diabetes is a significant risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • Metformin use may be associated with reduced HCC risk.
  • Insulin and sulfonylurea use may be linked to increased HCC risk.
  • Pathophysiology involves inflammation, oxidative stress, altered IGF-1, and gut microbiota changes.

Conclusions:

  • The increasing incidence of T2D, obesity, and metabolic syndrome contributes to rising HCC rates.
  • Elucidating the complex pathophysiology may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for T2D-associated HCC.
  • Further research into T2D treatments and their effect on HCC is warranted.