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Allergic Reactions02:06

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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
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[Seasonal and Perennial Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis].

K Schröder1, D Finis1, S Meller2

  • 1Augenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf.

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|March 15, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis, often occurring with allergic rhinitis, causes significant quality of life impacts. Effective treatments for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis provide rapid symptom relief and improve patient well-being.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Allergology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) and perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC) are common, often co-occurring with allergic rhinitis, collectively termed allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.
  • These conditions, predominantly IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to aeroallergens, significantly impact patient quality of life, necessitating effective management strategies.
  • While acute forms like SAC and PAC are milder than chronic ones, their high prevalence underscores their clinical and socioeconomic relevance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and management of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.
  • To highlight the importance of accurate diagnosis for targeted and effective treatment.
  • To emphasize treatment options that improve patient quality of life.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, covering epidemiology, etiology, clinical findings, and therapeutic approaches.
  • Analysis of current treatment guidelines and pharmacological options for ocular and nasal allergy symptoms.
  • Discussion of the benefits of combination therapies and long-term management strategies.

Main Results:

  • Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis is characterized by ocular symptoms like itching, conjunctival injection, and watery discharge, alongside nasal symptoms such as rhinorrhea and sneezing.
  • Management includes allergen avoidance, artificial tears for mild cases, and pharmacotherapy with topical antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, or dual-action drugs.
  • Topical steroids should be used cautiously, with a preference for unpreserved eye drops for prolonged treatment. Combination therapies with nasal steroids show a good safety profile.

Conclusions:

  • Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis is a prevalent condition with significant impact on quality of life.
  • Effective and targeted treatment, based on accurate diagnosis, can rapidly improve patient symptoms and well-being.
  • A range of therapeutic options, including combination therapies, offers safe and effective management for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.