Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 6, 2026
12:02
Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols
Published on: June 6, 2017
28.6K
Why Biphasic? Assessment of the Effect on Cell Proliferation and Expression
Pierre Schembri-Wismayer1, Josette Camilleri2
1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Msida, Malta.
Journal of Endodontics
|March 16, 2017
Summary
Adding calcium phosphate to tricalcium silicate (TCS) cements alters hydration and reduces biocompatibility. These biphasic cements show reduced cell growth, indicating potential issues for endodontic applications.
Area of Science:
- Dental Materials Science
- Biomaterials Engineering
- Endodontic Materials Research
Background:
- Tricalcium silicate (TCS)-based materials are widely used in endodontics due to their hydraulic properties and ability to promote biomineralization.
- Newer biphasic cements incorporate a calcium phosphate phase into TCS, but their effects remain unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize biphasic cements composed of TCS and calcium phosphate.
- To assess the impact of biphasic cement composition on cellular proliferation and expression.
Main Methods:
- Biphasic cements were prepared by mixing TCS with calcium phosphate monobasic or hydroxyapatite (1:1 ratio).
- Materials were characterized using SEM, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction.
- Ion leaching, cell proliferation (MTT assay), and cell morphology (SEM) were assessed using cement leachate and human primary osteoblasts.
Main Results:
- Biphasic cement hydration was altered, with reduced pH and calcium ion release observed with calcium phosphate monobasic addition.
- Neither biphasic material formed crystalline calcium hydroxide.
- Biphasic cements demonstrated reduced osteoblast cell growth and proliferation compared to controls.
Conclusions:
- Incorporating a second cementitious phase into TCS significantly modifies its hydration characteristics.
- The addition of calcium phosphate negatively impacts the material's biocompatibility and cellular interaction properties.
Related Concept Videos
01:19Interactions Between Signaling Pathways
7.6K
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
7.6K
01:27Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division
4.0K
Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
Several proteins function as internal regulators to ensure each cell cycle stage is completed faithfully before proceeding to the next. Regulator molecules may act directly or influence the activity or production of other...
Several proteins function as internal regulators to ensure each cell cycle stage is completed faithfully before proceeding to the next. Regulator molecules may act directly or influence the activity or production of other...
4.0K
02:23Abnormal Proliferation
5.3K
Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
5.3K
02:38Mitogens and the Cell Cycle
8.2K
Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
8.2K
01:23Negative Regulator Molecules
38.7K
Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
38.7K
02:34Inhibition of Cdk Activity
6.1K
The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
6.1K