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Related Concept Videos

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
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Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending01:18

Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending

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When analyzing the deformation of a symmetric prismatic member subjected to bending by equal and opposite couples, it becomes clear that as the member bends, the originally straight lines on its wider faces curve into circular arcs, with a constant radius centered at a point known as Point C. This phenomenon helps to understand the stress and strain distribution within the member more clearly.
When the member is segmented into tiny cubic elements, it is observed that the primary stress...
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Unsymmetric Bending - Angle of Neutral Axis01:15

Unsymmetric Bending - Angle of Neutral Axis

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Unsymmetrical bending occurs when a structural member is subjected to bending moments in a plane that does not align with the member's principal axes. This scenario typically arises in beams and other structural components when loads are applied at non-ideal angles, introducing complexities in stress analysis.
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Deformation in a Circular Shaft01:10

Deformation in a Circular Shaft

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One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...
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Bending01:10

Bending

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Pure bending is a fundamental concept in structural mechanics, essential for understanding how materials deform under symmetrical loads without direct forces. Pure bending occurs when prismatic members, such as beams, are subjected to equal and opposite moments that induce bending. The phenomenon is crucial as it allows for predicting stress distributions without the influence of axial or shear forces.
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Bending and Torsional Moments01:20

Bending and Torsional Moments

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Bending and torsional moments are two fundamental concepts in structural engineering. They play an important role in understanding the behavior of materials and structures under different loading conditions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Adjustable Stiffness, External Fixator for the Rat Femur Osteotomy and Segmental Bone Defect Models
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Epiphysiodesis Screw Bending.

Brett M Normandin, David J Tennent, Todd H Baldini

    Orthopedics
    |March 16, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Transphyseal screw bending is a rare complication of percutaneous epiphysiodesis for limb length discrepancy. This complication can make screw removal difficult in pediatric patients.

    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedic surgery
    • Pediatric orthopedics
    • Surgical complications

    Background:

    • Percutaneous epiphysiodesis using transphyseal screws is a standard surgical technique for correcting limb length discrepancies and angular deformities in children.
    • This procedure involves inserting screws across the physis (growth plate) to halt bone growth in a controlled manner.

    Observation:

    • This report details 3 cases of an unusual complication: bending of transphyseal screws used in percutaneous epiphysiodesis.
    • The bending occurred in pediatric patients (2 boys, 1 girl, aged 9-14) with 4.0-mm cannulated stainless steel screws (40-50 mm length).
    • Bending was observed at least 6 months post-implantation, near the physis, and complicated screw removal.

    Findings:

    • The study identified screw bending as a previously unreported complication of transphyseal screw fixation in pediatric limb deformity correction.

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  • Bending occurred irrespective of whether the screws were partially or fully threaded, and the bend location varied.
  • These cases highlight challenges in hardware removal due to screw deformation.

    • Implications:

    • Screw bending can lead to difficulties during hardware removal, potentially requiring additional surgical intervention.
    • Further biomechanical studies are needed to optimize transphyseal screw design and minimize bending caused by physiologic growth forces.
    • Understanding and mitigating this complication is crucial for improving outcomes in pediatric limb length discrepancy surgery.