Tranexamic Acid in Shoulder and Knee Arthroscopy.

Area of Science:

• Orthopaedic Surgery
• Arthroscopic Procedures
• Pharmacology

Background:

• The application of tranexamic acid (TXA) in orthopaedic surgery is growing.
• TXA is recognized for reducing blood loss in various orthopaedic procedures.
• Its use in arthroscopic surgery is being explored for improved outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the potential benefits of TXA in arthroscopic shoulder and knee surgeries.
• To assess TXA's impact on intraoperative visualization, postoperative swelling, and pain.
• To review existing literature on TXA efficacy and safety in arthroscopy.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on tranexamic acid use in arthroscopic shoulder and knee surgery.
• Analysis of studies reporting on intraoperative visualization, fluid usage, postoperative pain, swelling, and hemarthrosis.
• Examination of reported complication rates and potential chondrotoxicity.

Main Results:

• TXA may enhance intraoperative clarity and reduce fluid requirements during arthroscopy.
• Some studies indicate TXA can decrease early postoperative pain, swelling, and hemarthrosis in shoulder and knee arthroscopy.
• Evidence on long-term outcomes remains mixed, with some studies showing no significant difference compared to placebo.

Conclusions:

• Tranexamic acid shows potential for early benefits in arthroscopic shoulder and knee procedures.
• Concerns exist regarding potential chondrotoxicity at high concentrations, necessitating further investigation.
• While generally safe, the overall efficacy and long-term impact require additional research.