Post-traumatic stress disorder in the perinatal period: A concept analysis

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Health
• Psychiatry
• Maternal-Child Health

Background:

• The prevalence of perinatal post-traumatic stress disorder (PPTSD) is increasing in the USA, affecting 9% of the perinatal population and putting an additional 18% at risk.
• Untreated PPTSD leads to significant increases in maternal-child morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs.

Observation:

• PPTSD is defined as a disorder arising after a traumatic experience, diagnosed from conception to six months postpartum and lasting over one month.
• Key attributes include a specific diagnostic timeframe, exposure to trauma, and distinct symptomatology aligned with the DSM-5.
• Antecedents encompass perinatal complications, abuse, postpartum depression, and prior psychiatric history.

Findings:

• PPTSD presents unique attributes, antecedents, and outcomes compared to post-traumatic stress disorder in other contexts.
• Consequences of PPTSD include adverse maternal and infant outcomes.
• Further research in diverse populations is needed to refine identification and treatment frameworks.

Implications:

• Nurses should enhance their awareness of PPTSD for timely assessment and intervention.
• Early recognition and management of PPTSD can prevent adverse maternal-infant outcomes.
• Developing comprehensive frameworks for identifying and treating PPTSD is essential for clinical practice.