Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neurochemical Transmission: Sites of Drug Action01:26

Neurochemical Transmission: Sites of Drug Action

3.8K
Neurochemical transmission, the conduction of electrical impulses between neurons mediated by neurotransmitters, plays a vital role in various physiological processes. Autonomic drugs exert their effects by modulating neurotransmission within the autonomic nervous system. For instance, drugs such as hemicholinium block the precursor uptake necessary for synthesizing acetylcholine, an essential autonomic neurotransmitter. Following synthesis, neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles. Metyrosine...
3.8K
Classification of Neurotransmitters01:30

Classification of Neurotransmitters

5.6K
Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in the communication between neurons in the autonomic nervous system. Neurons in the autonomic nervous system can be cholinergic or adrenergic depending on the neurotransmitters synthesized. Cholinergic neurons use acetylcholine as their primary neurotransmitter. This includes all the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic and pre- and postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous systems. In addition, neurons of the somatic nervous system also use...
5.6K
Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

19.2K
Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
19.2K
Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis01:29

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis

2.4K
Drugs affecting neurotransmitter synthesis can impact the adrenergic neuron and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. For example, α-methyltyrosine and carbidopa target specific enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis. α-methyltyrosine inhibits the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which converts tyrosine into dopamine. By blocking this enzyme, α-methyltyrosine reduces dopamine production and other catecholamines. Carbidopa, on the other hand, inhibits the enzyme dopa decarboxylase,...
2.4K
Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters01:29

Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters

14.0K
When an action potential reaches the presynaptic axon terminal, it releases neurotransmitters from the neuron into the synaptic cleft at a chemical synapse. The released neurotransmitter can be excitatory or inhibitory. The critical criteria commonly used to determine whether a molecule is a neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse are the molecule's presence in the presynaptic neuron. Second, its release is in response to strong presynaptic depolarization. And lastly, the presence of...
14.0K
Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake01:21

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake

1.7K
Certain drugs can affect how neurotransmitters called catecholamines, are released or taken back up in the adrenergic neuron. They can have different effects on the body's sympathetic transmission. Reserpine, a natural compound found in the Rauwolfia shrub, blocks a transporter called vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), which leads to a buildup of catecholamines in the cell and reduces sympathetic transmission. Another drug called guanethidine works in multiple ways, including blocking...
1.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Machine Learning-Based Integration of Single-Cell and Bulk Transcriptome Reveals Coagulation Signature and Phenotypic Heterogeneity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

IET systems biology·2025
Same author

Charge-redistributed Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Fe<sub>0.3</sub>Co<sub>0.7</sub>P heterointerfaces for efficient electrocatalytic urea oxidation.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2024
Same author

SbSeI for high-efficient photocatalytic degradation of multiple pollutants.

Environmental research·2024
Same author

[Phenotype and function of neutrophils in normal human peripheral blood].

Xi bao yu fen zi mian yi xue za zhi = Chinese journal of cellular and molecular immunology·2024
Same author

Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in patients with gastric cancer and effects on adverse outcomes: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology·2024
Same author

Multiple Multicolored 3D Polarization Knots Arranged along Light Propagation.

ACS photonics·2024
Same journal

RETRACTION: Green Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles Using Euphorbia Serpens Kunth Aqueous Extract, their Characterization, and Investigation of its in Vitro Antioxidative, Antimicrobial, Insecticidal, and Cytotoxic Activities.

BioMed research international·2026
Same journal

Predictors of Prolonged Hospital Length of Stay in Patients With Odontogenic Infections in Ghana.

BioMed research international·2026
Same journal

Traditional Chinese Medicine Bone-Setting Techniques Research Progress for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis.

BioMed research international·2026
Same journal

RETRACTION: miR-375 Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasion of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells by Suppressing PDK1.

BioMed research international·2026
Same journal

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Nobiletin in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer.

BioMed research international·2026
Same journal

Decoding Severity in Crotalic Snakebite Cases: Findings From a Decade of Cohort Analysis in Brazil.

BioMed research international·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Functional Evaluation of Biological Neurotoxins in Networked Cultures of Stem Cell-derived Central Nervous System Neurons
15:05

Functional Evaluation of Biological Neurotoxins in Networked Cultures of Stem Cell-derived Central Nervous System Neurons

Published on: February 5, 2015

9.8K

Predicting Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Neurotoxins by Developing Feature Selection Technique.

Hua Tang1, Yunchun Yang2, Chunmei Zhang1

  • 1Department of Pathophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.

Biomed Research International
|March 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new computational method to distinguish between presynaptic and postsynaptic neurotoxins. The model achieved 94.9% accuracy, aiding drug discovery and neurotoxin research.

More Related Videos

A High Content Imaging Assay for Identification of Botulinum Neurotoxin Inhibitors
14:10

A High Content Imaging Assay for Identification of Botulinum Neurotoxin Inhibitors

Published on: November 14, 2014

9.0K
A High-throughput-compatible FRET-based Platform for Identification and Characterization of Botulinum Neurotoxin Light Chain Modulators
10:30

A High-throughput-compatible FRET-based Platform for Identification and Characterization of Botulinum Neurotoxin Light Chain Modulators

Published on: December 27, 2013

5.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Functional Evaluation of Biological Neurotoxins in Networked Cultures of Stem Cell-derived Central Nervous System Neurons
15:05

Functional Evaluation of Biological Neurotoxins in Networked Cultures of Stem Cell-derived Central Nervous System Neurons

Published on: February 5, 2015

9.8K
A High Content Imaging Assay for Identification of Botulinum Neurotoxin Inhibitors
14:10

A High Content Imaging Assay for Identification of Botulinum Neurotoxin Inhibitors

Published on: November 14, 2014

9.0K
A High-throughput-compatible FRET-based Platform for Identification and Characterization of Botulinum Neurotoxin Light Chain Modulators
10:30

A High-throughput-compatible FRET-based Platform for Identification and Characterization of Botulinum Neurotoxin Light Chain Modulators

Published on: December 27, 2013

5.8K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Computational Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Presynaptic and postsynaptic neurotoxins are proteins affecting neuronal membranes.
  • Accurate classification is crucial for drug-target discovery and design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a theoretical method for discriminating between presynaptic and postsynaptic neurotoxins.
  • To establish a benchmark dataset for training and testing the predictive model.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized dipeptide composition to represent neurotoxin samples.
  • Employed Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to identify optimal feature sets for maximum accuracy.
  • Validated the model using jackknife cross-validation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an overall accuracy of 94.9% in discriminating between neurotoxin types.
  • Demonstrated the effectiveness of the dipeptide composition and ANOVA approach.
  • Established a reliable benchmark dataset for future research.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed theoretical method accurately differentiates presynaptic and postsynaptic neurotoxins.
  • This classification approach offers valuable insights for neurotoxin research and therapeutic development.
  • The findings support advancements in drug discovery and drug design targeting neurotoxins.