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Lethal Alleles

Lethal Alleles

Agouti: A Lethal Allele
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...

Position-effect Variegation

Position-effect Variegation

In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.

Complementation Tests

Complementation Tests

A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...

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In situ Protocol for Butterfly Pupal Wings Using Riboprobes

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Published on: May 28, 2007

Genetic analysis ofHairy-wing mutations.

L García Alonso¹, A García-Bellido¹

¹Instituto de Biología Molecular, C.S.I.C., Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Canto Blanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.

Roux'S Archives of Developmental Biology : the Official Organ of the EDBO

|March 18, 2017

Summary

We investigated three Hairy-wing mutations affecting the achaete-scute complex (AS-C). These mutations cause excess gene function, leading to specific extra-sculpting patterns and revealing complex gene regulation.

Keywords:

Cell differentiation Gene organization Gene regulation Pattern formation

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Area of Science:

Developmental genetics
Molecular biology
Drosophila melanogaster research

Background:

The achaete-scute complex (AS-C) is crucial for neurogenesis in Drosophila.
Hairy-wing (Hw) mutations are key to understanding AS-C gene function and regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the genetic underpinnings of Hairy-wing mutations.
To investigate the relationship between Hw mutations and AS-C gene function.
To explore the regulatory mechanisms of AS-C gene expression.

Main Methods:

Analysis of X-ray-induced revertants of Hw mutations.
Phenotypic characterization of Hw mutations, inversions, and duplications within the AS-C.
Dose-dependent expression studies involving AS-C gene copies and trans-regulatory genes.

Main Results:

Hw mutations result from the over-function of AS-C genes, leading to specific extra-sculpting patterns.
AS-C inversions and duplications can induce a variegated Hw phenotype.
Gene expression is modulated by AS-C gene dosage and trans-regulatory genes like hairy and extramacrochaetae.

Conclusions:

Hw mutations provide insights into AS-C gene dosage effects and regulation.
The study proposes a model for AS-C gene expression regulation.
Understanding Hw mutations aids in deciphering complex genetic interactions in development.