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Nutrient relations in calcareous grassland under elevated CO2.

Pascal A Niklaus1, Paul W Leadley1, Jürg Stöcklin1

  • 1Institute of Botany, Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland e-mail: niklauspa@ubaclu.unibas.ch; Fax +41-61-2673504, , , , , , CH.

Oecologia
|March 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) increased plant C:N ratios by diluting nutrients, not by increasing nitrogen. Legume growth, however, was limited by phosphorus (P) availability under elevated CO2.

Keywords:
Key words Dinitrogen fixationNutrient limitationPhosphorusPlant functional typeslegumes

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Area of Science:

  • Plant ecology
  • Biogeochemistry
  • Global change biology

Background:

  • Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations influence plant physiology and nutrient cycling.
  • Understanding nutrient responses in grassland ecosystems is crucial for predicting ecosystem function under climate change.
  • The roles of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in mediating plant responses to CO2 are complex and require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of 4-year in situ CO2 enrichment on plant nutrient stoichiometry in calcareous grassland.
  • To assess the impact of elevated CO2 on nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics, including plant and microbial pools.
  • To determine the interactive effects of CO2, N, and P on grassland community productivity and legume N2 fixation.

Main Methods:

  • In situ CO2 enrichment experiment over 4 years in calcareous grassland.
  • Analysis of plant aboveground biomass C:N and N:P ratios.
  • Greenhouse experiments using grassland monoliths and microcosms with factorial CO2 and P fertilization treatments.

Main Results:

  • Elevated CO2 increased plant aboveground C:N ratios, indicating nutrient dilution, with no change in total N removal.
  • Microbial N pools increased by 18% under elevated CO2, while plant-available soil N decreased.
  • Legume N concentration was less affected by elevated CO2, attributed to symbiotic N2 fixation; legume growth was P-limited in greenhouse experiments.

Conclusions:

  • Ecosystem productivity is primarily N-limited, but CO2 enrichment effects on legumes and N2 fixation are constrained by P availability.
  • Elevated CO2 alters nutrient cycling by increasing microbial N pools and potentially reducing soil N availability.
  • Legumes play a critical role in mediating ecosystem responses to elevated CO2, particularly under P-limited conditions.