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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
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Genome Editing in Mammalian Cell Lines using CRISPR-Cas
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CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in plants.

Xuejun Liu1, Chuanxiao Xie2, Huaijun Si3

  • 1TianJin Crops Research Institute, China.

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|March 19, 2017
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The CRISPR/Cas9 system revolutionizes crop improvement by enabling precise gene editing for enhanced agricultural productivity. This technology facilitates detailed gene function studies and molecular-level crop design to meet global food demands.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Growing global population necessitates more resilient and productive crops.
  • Advancements in sequencing crop genomes provide unprecedented opportunities for genetic research.
  • The CRISPR/Cas9 system has emerged as a powerful tool for genome editing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the accomplishments, challenges, and advancements of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in plants.
  • To highlight the potential applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in basic research and crop development.
  • To discuss key aspects including gene editing, transcriptional regulation, and off-target effects.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on CRISPR/Cas9 applications in plant science.
  • Analysis of CRISPR/Cas9 functionalities such as target cleavage, gene knock-in/replacement, and transcriptional regulation.
  • Evaluation of delivery systems and off-target effects in plant genome editing.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR/Cas9 enables precise modification of plant genomes, including gene knockout and knock-in.
  • The system facilitates transcriptional regulation and epigenetic modifications in plants.
  • Challenges such as off-target effects and efficient delivery systems are being addressed.

Conclusions:

  • The CRISPR/Cas9 system offers a versatile platform for advancing plant science and crop engineering.
  • This technology holds significant promise for developing improved crops to address agricultural challenges.
  • Continued research and development are crucial for optimizing CRISPR/Cas9 applications in agriculture.