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Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of...
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The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which...
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Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
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The sympathetic pathways of the collateral ganglia and adrenal medulla serve unique but interconnected roles in the sympathetic response.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Implementing Patch Clamp and Live Fluorescence Microscopy to Monitor Functional Properties of Freshly Isolated PKD Epithelium
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Network analysis of Urocortins.

Shao-Jun Chen1

  • 1Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China.

Neuro Endocrinology Letters
|March 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Urocortins (Ucns) signaling pathways were mapped using STITCH, revealing complex protein interactions. This network analysis provides a visual overview of Ucns mechanisms in physiological and pathological conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Toxicology
  • Systems Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Urocortins (Ucns), part of the corticotropin-releasing factor family, are implicated in various physiological and pathological processes.
  • Complex interaction networks involving numerous proteins have been identified within Ucns signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct and analyze the interaction networks of Urocortins (Ucns) using the STITCH database.
  • To provide a visual and comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying Urocortins (Ucns) signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Database mining of the STITCH (Search Tool for Interactions of Chemicals) database.
  • Construction of Urocortins (Ucns) interaction networks.
  • Analysis of topological parameters and key nodes using network analysis tools.

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Main Results:

  • Interaction networks for Urocortins (Ucns) were successfully generated.
  • Topological parameters and significant nodes within the Urocortins (Ucns) networks were identified.
  • The study offers a visual representation of Urocortins (Ucns) mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • The STITCH database is a valuable tool for exploring Urocortins (Ucns) signaling pathways.
  • Network analysis provides insights into the complex interactions governing Urocortins (Ucns) function.
  • This visual approach aids in understanding the roles of Urocortins (Ucns) in health and disease.