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Crystal structures of three sterically congested disilanes.

Kothanda Rama Pichaandi1, Joel T Mague1, Mark J Fink1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic Communications
|March 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Steric congestion in silanes influences Si-Si bond length, with bromination increasing Si-C distances and enabling attractive intermolecular Br-Br interactions. Disorder was observed in brominated and tert-butyl substituted disilanes.

Keywords:
crystal structuredisilanehalogen–halogen inter­action

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Area of Science:

  • Organosilicon Chemistry
  • Crystal Engineering
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Steric congestion significantly impacts molecular structure and properties in organosilicon compounds.
  • Understanding substituent effects on silicon-silicon (Si-Si) bonds is crucial for designing novel silicon-based materials.
  • Intermolecular interactions, such as halogen bonding, can influence crystal packing and molecular conformation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of steric congestion and halogen substitution on Si-Si bond length and molecular geometry in disilanes.
  • To explore the presence and nature of intermolecular interactions in sterically hindered brominated disilanes.
  • To characterize the structural features, including disorder, in highly substituted disilane derivatives.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of three sterically congested disilanes: 1,1,2,2-tetra-isopropyl-1,2-diphenyl-disilane (1), 1,1,2,2-tetra-kis-(2-bromo-propan-2-yl)-1,2-diphenyl-disilane (2), and 1,2-di-tert-butyl-1,1,2,2-tetra-phenyl-disilane (3).
  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to determine the precise molecular structures, bond lengths, and intermolecular interactions.
  • Analysis of crystallographic data to quantify steric effects and identify any rotational or whole-molecule disorder.

Main Results:

  • Si-Si bond length increased with steric congestion, being shortest in (1) and longest in (2).
  • Bromine substitution in (2) significantly increased the Si-C(ipso) distance compared to the non-brominated analog (1).
  • Attractive intermolecular Br⋯Br interactions were observed in (2) with separations shorter than the sum of van der Waals radii, and significant crystallographic disorder was noted in compounds (2) and (3).

Conclusions:

  • Steric hindrance and electronic effects from substituents demonstrably influence Si-Si bond characteristics in congested disilanes.
  • The presence of bromine atoms can lead to specific intermolecular interactions, impacting crystal structures.
  • Crystallographic disorder is a notable feature in these highly substituted and potentially strained disilane systems.