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Scanning Electron Microscopy

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 6, 2026

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material

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Interface Between MTA and Dental Bonding Agents: Scanning Electron Microscope Evaluation.

Gabriele Cervino¹, Luca Fiorillo¹, Gianrico Spagnuolo²

¹Department of Medical Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.

Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry

|March 21, 2017

Summary

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) requires an adhesive for dental sealing. SEM analysis revealed significant marginal gaps when using MTA with an adhesive bonding agent in endodontic treatment.

Keywords:

Bonding agents MTA dental interface endodontic material

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Area of Science:

Dental Materials Science
Endodontic Microsurgery

Background:

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a leading material for endodontic sealing.
Effective bonding of MTA to dental surfaces necessitates adhesive agents.
Microgap formation can compromise the success of endodontic treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the microgap between adhesive, MTA, and dental surfaces using SEM.
To compare the sealing efficacy of MTA with different adhesive strategies.

Main Methods:

Fourteen extracted molars were divided into two groups.
Group A: MTA with MTA-component adhesive.
Group B: MTA with composite dual etching.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for microgap analysis.
Statistical analysis included a t-test.

Main Results:

Significant microgaps (width > 5µm, length > 20µm) were observed.
Only Group A (MTA with MTA-component adhesive) exhibited significant microgaps.
Group B showed no significant microgap formation.

Conclusions:

The use of MTA with an interpositional adhesive agent leads to significant marginal gap formation.
SEM analysis confirms considerable microgaps in samples using MTA and adhesive.
This highlights potential challenges in achieving a perfect seal with certain adhesive strategies in endodontics.