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Pneumococcal meningitis in Cantabria (Spain) in the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era (2001-2015)

Esther González-Escartín1, Itziar Angulo López2, Elsa Ots Ruiz3

  • 1Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander (Cantabria), España.

Archivos Argentinos De Pediatria
|March 21, 2017
PubMed

Insights

The introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) significantly reduced pneumococcal meningitis incidence in children. Continued systematic introduction is expected to further decrease cases.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Pneumococcal meningitis remains a significant cause of childhood morbidity and mortality.
  • The advent of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has aimed to reduce the burden of invasive pneumococcal disease.
  • Understanding vaccine impact on disease characteristics is crucial for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the epidemiological and clinical features of pneumococcal meningitis in children.
  • To evaluate the impact of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) introduction on disease incidence and characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study design was employed, analyzing cases from two distinct periods: pre-PCV13 (2001-2010) and post-PCV13 (2010-2015).
  • Data collected included patient demographics, clinical presentations, and microbiological findings.
  • Incidence rates were calculated and compared between the pre- and post-vaccine periods.

Main Results:

  • A substantial decrease in pneumococcal meningitis incidence was observed, from 2.3/100,000 in the pre-PCV13 period to 0.5/100,000 post-PCV13 introduction.
  • Serotype distribution shifted, with 6A and 10A prevalent pre-PCV13, and 6B and 15B identified in the limited post-PCV13 cases.
  • A high proportion of patients (13/18) required intensive care, with significant sequelae (6/18 survivors) and one fatality.

Conclusions:

  • The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) has demonstrated a major impact in reducing pneumococcal meningitis incidence in children.
  • Further reductions in disease burden are anticipated with the continued and systematic implementation of PCV13 vaccination programs.
  • Despite vaccine impact, pneumococcal meningitis continues to be associated with severe outcomes, highlighting the need for ongoing surveillance and prevention efforts.
Abstract

Keywords:
Streptococcus pneumoniaeimmunizationmeningitispediatrics

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