Strategies and knowledge gaps for improving nanomaterial biocompatibility.

Area of Science:

• Nanotechnology
• Materials Science
• Toxicology

Background:

• Nanomaterial development is rapid, increasing the importance of nanosafety.
• Biocompatibility of nanomaterials presents a significant challenge for their application.
• Current strategies for controlling nanotoxicity are underdeveloped.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review existing strategies for enhancing nanomaterial biocompatibility.
• To analyze achievements and challenges in nanomaterial modification and control.
• To identify future research directions in nanomaterial safety.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of nanomaterial structure/surface modifications.
• Evaluation of size and shape control strategies.
• Comparison of chemical and biological approaches for biocompatibility and biodegradability.

Main Results:

• Achievements and challenges in structural and surface modifications were analyzed.
• Size and shape control methods for biocompatibility were assessed.
• Chemical and biological strategies for enhancing biocompatibility and biodegradability were compared.

Conclusions:

• Nanomaterial biocompatibility requires further research and development.
• Addressing unintended releases, lifecycle, and occupational exposure is critical.
• Standardized methodologies are needed for comprehensive nanosafety assessment.