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Related Concept Videos

Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
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Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

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The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
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Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

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The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
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Structural Classification of Joints01:20

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Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
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Position Between Trunk and Pelvis During Gait Depending on the Gross Motor Function Classification System.

Jose Manuel Sanz-Mengibar1, Natalie Altschuck, Paloma Sanchez-de-Muniain

  • 1Clínica de Rehabilitación Madrid (Mr Sanz-Mengibar and Dr Sanchez-de-Muniain), Madrid, Spain; Vojta Therapy UK (Mr Sanz-Mengibar), London, UK; Technischen Universität (Ms Altschuck) and KBO-Kinderzentrum (Ms Altschuck and Mr Bauer), Munich, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia (Dr Santonja-Medina), and Department of Traumatology, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital (Dr Santonja-Medina), Murcia, Spain.

Pediatric Physical Therapy : the Official Publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association
|March 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Children with cerebral palsy show distinct trunk movement patterns related to their Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels. These findings help understand motor control differences in spastic bilateral cerebral palsy.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanical analysis of human movement
  • Pediatric neurology and rehabilitation

Background:

  • Cerebral palsy (CP) affects motor function, with classification systems like GMFCS used to categorize severity.
  • Trunk postural control is crucial for effective gait and mobility in children with CP.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if a threshold exists for trunk postural control in the sagittal plane during gait transitions between Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels.
  • To analyze trunk kinematics in relation to GMFCS levels using 3D gait analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Collected 3D gait kinematics, specifically spine angles, from 97 children with spastic bilateral CP.
  • Utilized the Plug-In Gait model (Vicon) for kinematic data acquisition.
  • Correlated kinematic data with GMFCS levels.

Main Results:

  • Average and minimum lumbar spine angles significantly correlated with GMFCS levels.
  • Maximal spine angles at loading response correlated independently with age across all functional levels.
  • Combined analysis of age and GMFCS level showed significance for average and minimum spine values.

Conclusions:

  • Specific trunk-pelvis postural control patterns in the sagittal plane exist during gait for GMFCS levels I-III transitions.
  • Higher GMFCS levels (indicating more severe motor impairment) correlate with more extended spine angles during gait.