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Materials for Microfluidic Immunoassays: A Review.

Lei Mou1,2, Xingyu Jiang1,2

  • 1Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|March 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Microfluidics significantly enhances immunoassays for point-of-care diagnostics, offering faster, cheaper, and more sensitive biomarker detection. This review details materials for microfluidic chips and antibody modification, advancing medical diagnostics.

Keywords:
ImmunoassaysMicrofluidicsPoint-of-Care

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Area of Science:

  • Biomarker detection
  • Microfluidics
  • Immunoassays
  • Point-of-care diagnostics

Background:

  • Conventional immunoassays face limitations: long processing times, high costs, complexity, and suboptimal sensitivity/specificity.
  • Microfluidics offers precise fluid manipulation at the microscale, presenting a promising solution to overcome immunoassay limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review materials for microfluidic chip fabrication and antibody modification in immunoassays for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics.
  • To compare fabrication, integration, function, modification, and cost of materials used in microfluidic chips.
  • To discuss the current state and future directions of microfluidic immunoassays for biomarker detection.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of materials used in microfluidic chip fabrication, evaluating five key aspects.
  • Review of antibody modification materials to enhance immunoassay performance.
  • Assessment of microfluidic immunoassay platforms, from lab research to commercial products.

Main Results:

  • Microfluidics enables faster assay times, reduced reagent volumes, lower power needs, and increased integration/automation.
  • Material selection impacts microfluidic chip performance across fabrication, integration, function, modification, and cost.
  • Advances in materials and microfluidic designs are improving POC diagnostic capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Microfluidic immunoassays offer significant advantages over conventional methods for biomarker detection.
  • Materials science plays a critical role in optimizing microfluidic immunoassay platforms for POC applications.
  • Continued research and development are essential to address challenges and unlock the full potential of microfluidic immunoassays.