Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

64.6K
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
64.6K
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

7.1K
7.1K
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

6.5K
DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
6.5K
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

2.4K
2.4K
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

7.0K
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
7.0K
Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

6.9K
Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...
6.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

FANCJ DNA helicase is recruited to the replisome by AND-1 to ensure genome stability.

EMBO reports·2024
Same author

Hot on RAD51C: structure and functions of RAD51C-XRCC3.

Molecular oncology·2023
Same author

PCNA recruits cohesin loader Scc2 to ensure sister chromatid cohesion.

Nature structural & molecular biology·2023
Same author

Rad51-mediated replication of damaged templates relies on monoSUMOylated DDK kinase.

Nature communications·2022
Same author

Computed structures of core eukaryotic protein complexes.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2021
Same author

Vertebrate CTF18 and DDX11 essential function in cohesion is bypassed by preventing WAPL-mediated cohesin release.

Genes & development·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 5, 2026

Real-time Observation of the DNA Strand Exchange Reaction Mediated by Rad51
06:24

Real-time Observation of the DNA Strand Exchange Reaction Mediated by Rad51

Published on: February 13, 2019

8.6K

Building up and breaking down: mechanisms controlling recombination during replication.

Dana Branzei1, Barnabas Szakal1

  • 1a IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology , Milan , Italy.

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
|March 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Cellular DNA replication faces challenges from DNA damage. DNA damage tolerance pathways, utilizing homologous recombination (HR), help restart replication forks but can cause genome instability.

Keywords:
Chromosome replicationDNA damageEsc2MMS22-TONSLSUMOSUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligaseSrs2 and RecQ helicasespostreplicative chromatin

More Related Videos

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
07:55

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 11, 2022

2.3K
Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
07:55

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

Published on: June 26, 2020

11.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 5, 2026

Real-time Observation of the DNA Strand Exchange Reaction Mediated by Rad51
06:24

Real-time Observation of the DNA Strand Exchange Reaction Mediated by Rad51

Published on: February 13, 2019

8.6K
Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
07:55

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 11, 2022

2.3K
Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
07:55

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

Published on: June 26, 2020

11.3K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Faithful genome duplication is vital for cell proliferation and maintaining genome integrity.
  • DNA damage during replication causes fork stalling and breakage, challenging genome duplication.
  • DNA damage tolerance (DDT) pathways, involving homologous recombination (HR) and specialized polymerases, mitigate replication stress but can lead to mutagenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and reflect on the regulatory mechanisms governing homologous recombination (HR) during DNA replication.
  • To elucidate how recombination is suppressed or locally enhanced to maintain genome stability during replication.
  • To understand the principles underlying the interplay between replication and recombination.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing literature on DNA replication, DNA damage tolerance, and homologous recombination.
  • Analysis of the roles of recombination proteins in protecting and restarting stalled replication forks.
  • Examination of the mechanisms controlling HR activity at replication forks.

Main Results:

  • Recombination proteins protect nascent DNA strands and facilitate replication completion under DNA damage.
  • HR-mediated repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) at collapsed forks is primarily error-free.
  • Dysregulation of HR leads to genome instability; premature HR activation causes rearrangements, while its suppression is needed for faithful replication, except during persistent stalling.

Conclusions:

  • A delicate balance of HR suppression and localized enhancement is critical for managing replication stress and maintaining genome integrity.
  • Understanding these regulatory principles is key to comprehending genome stability and preventing diseases associated with genomic instability.
  • Further research into the precise mechanisms of HR regulation during replication is warranted.