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Updated: Mar 5, 2026

Comparison of Three Clinical Stereoscopic Methods for Measuring Binocular Visual Function During Amblyopic Treatment in Unilateral Amblyopia
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[Diplopia: An important symptom in internal medicine!]

S Bidot1, V Biousse2

  • 1Fondation ophtalmologique Adolphe-de-Rothschild, 75019 Paris, France; Centre hospitalier national d'ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, 75571 Paris, France.

La Revue De Medecine Interne
|March 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Binocular diplopia, or double vision, stems from eye misalignment. A systematic exam helps pinpoint the cause, from brainstem to eye muscles, aiding targeted treatment.

Keywords:
Abducens nerveDiplopiaDiplopieNerf abducensNerf oculomoteurNerf trochléaireOcular motor nerve palsyOculomotor nerveParalysie oculomotriceTrochlear nerve

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Diplopia, or double vision, is a visual disturbance impacting daily life.
  • It is crucial to differentiate monocular diplopia (ocular) from binocular diplopia (misalignment).
  • Binocular diplopia diagnosis can be challenging, especially for non-specialists.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a systematic approach for diagnosing binocular diplopia.
  • To highlight the diverse etiologies of binocular diplopia.
  • To emphasize the importance of managing diplopia alongside underlying conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic clinical examination of patients presenting with binocular diplopia.
  • Targeted ancillary testing to localize lesions along oculomotor pathways.
  • Review of potential causes including neurological, muscular, and systemic disorders.

Main Results:

  • A structured examination aids in localizing lesions in the brainstem, cranial nerves (III, IV, VI), neuromuscular junction, extraocular muscles, or orbit.
  • Common causes include inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, endocrine, and metabolic disorders.
  • Temporary eye occlusion can alleviate symptoms while definitive treatment is pursued.

Conclusions:

  • Binocular diplopia diagnosis requires a systematic approach to identify the precise location of the lesion.
  • A wide range of systemic diseases can manifest as binocular diplopia.
  • Effective management involves addressing the underlying cause and providing symptomatic relief.