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MicroRNAs in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: biological functions and applications
1Department of Biomedical and Surgical Specialty Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Medical Genetics, University of Ferrara, Italy.
Abstract:
MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNAs that govern many biological processes. They frequently acquire a gain or a loss of function in cancer and hence play a causative role in the development and progression of neoplasms. They could be used as biomarkers to improve our knowledge on diagnosis, prognosis and drug resistance, and to attempt therapeutic approaches in several types of cancer including clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). ccRCC is the most predominant subtype of RCC that accounts for about 90% of all renal cancers. Since ccRCC is generally asymptomatic until very late, it is difficult to diagnose early. Moreover, in the absence of preventive treatments for metastatic ccRCC after surgical resection of the primary cancer, predictive prognostic biomarkers are needed in order to achieve appropriate therapies. Herein the role of miRs in the biology of ccRCC and the potential applications of these molecules are discussed. Moreover, future applications in the diagnostic and prognostic field, as well as their impact on drug response and therapeutic targets are also explored. Their use in clinical practice as molecular biomarkers alone, or in combination with other biological markers could accelerate progress, help design personalized therapies, limit side effects, and improve quality of life of ccRCC patients.
Insights
MicroRNAs (miRs) are crucial in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) development. These small molecules show promise as biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized therapies in ccRCC patients.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common kidney cancer subtype, often diagnosed late due to asymptomatic presentation.
- Early diagnosis and effective prognostic biomarkers are critical for managing metastatic ccRCC post-surgery.
- MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNAs involved in gene regulation and implicated in cancer development and progression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss the role of miRs in ccRCC biology.
- To explore the potential applications of miRs as biomarkers in ccRCC.
- To investigate the impact of miRs on diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies for ccRCC.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing research on miRs in ccRCC.
- Analysis of the functional roles of miRs in ccRCC development and progression.
- Exploration of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of miRs.
Main Results:
- miRs play a causative role in ccRCC development and progression through gain or loss of function.
- miRs can serve as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of ccRCC.
- miRs influence drug resistance and represent potential therapeutic targets in ccRCC.
Conclusions:
- miRs are integral to ccRCC pathogenesis and hold significant potential as clinical biomarkers.
- miRs can enhance diagnostic accuracy, predict patient prognosis, and guide personalized treatment strategies for ccRCC.
- Integrating miRs into clinical practice may improve ccRCC patient outcomes, reduce side effects, and enhance quality of life.
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