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Novel Orthopoxvirus Infection in an Alaska Resident.

Yuri P Springer1,2, Christopher H Hsu2,3, Zachary R Werle4

  • 1Alaska Division of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Anchorage.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|March 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary

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A novel Orthopoxvirus was identified in interior Alaska, highlighting potential new risks for human infection. This discovery prompts further investigation into the geographic origins of Orthopoxvirus and emphasizes the need for clinical vigilance.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Human Orthopoxvirus infections are increasing due to waning immunity post-smallpox vaccination.
  • A case of poxvirus infection was identified in interior Alaska in July 2015.

Observation:

  • A dermal lesion in a female resident of interior Alaska was consistent with poxvirus infection.
  • Laboratory analysis confirmed the presence of an Orthopoxvirus.
  • Epidemiologic investigation included patient interviews, contact tracing, and environmental sampling.

Findings:

  • No active or recent infection was found in four identified patient contacts.
  • The precise source of infection remained undetermined, with potential links to imported fomites or local wild small mammals.
  • Phylogenetic analysis revealed a distinct, previously undescribed genetic lineage of Orthopoxvirus, closely related to Old World strains.
Keywords:
AlaskaNorth AmericaOrthopoxviruslesionphylogenetics.

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Implications:

  • The findings suggest potential Orthopoxvirus exposure occurred near Fairbanks, Alaska.
  • This case raises questions regarding the Old World versus North American origins of the Orthopoxvirus genus.
  • Clinicians must maintain vigilance for poxvirus infections and report suspected cases to public health officials.