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A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

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Modeling Intraindividual Dynamics Using Stochastic Differential Equations: Age Differences in Affect Regulation.

Julie Wood¹, Zita Oravecz¹, Nina Vogel^2,3

¹Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park.

The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences

|March 23, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults show distinct affect dynamics, with higher arousal and less reactivity to life events. Emotion regulation strategies also shape these dynamics across the lifespan, highlighting the utility of advanced statistical models.

Keywords:

Affect dynamics Emotion regulation Experience sampling Intraindividual variability Longitudinal analysis

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Gerontology
Affective Science

Background:

Life-span theories propose age-related changes in affect regulation.
Dynamic process models offer insights into individual differences in intraindividual affect dynamics.
Emotion regulation strategies like reappraisal and suppression play a role in affective experiences.

Purpose of the Study:

To operationalize affect dynamics using a multilevel stochastic differential equation (SDE) model.
To examine how age and emotion regulation strategies influence intraindividual affect dynamics.
To investigate individual differences in core affect, reactivity, and stability over time.

Main Methods:

Employed univariate multilevel SDE models within a Bayesian framework.
Analyzed 21 days of ecological momentary assessments (EMA) of affect valence and arousal from 150 adults (aged 18-89).
Captured temporal dynamics including attractor point, reactivity to biopsychosocial (BPS) inputs, and attractor strength.

Main Results:

Older age correlated with a higher arousal attractor point and reduced BPS-related reactivity.
Increased use of reappraisal was linked to a lower valence attractor point.
Variability in emotion regulation strategy use affected BPS reactivity and attractor strength differently for valence and arousal.

Conclusions:

Stochastic differential equation (SDE) models are valuable for studying affect dynamics.
Findings inform theoretical predictions regarding life-course changes in intraindividual affect dynamics.
Individual differences in emotion regulation significantly modulate affective stability and reactivity across adulthood.