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Updated: Mar 5, 2026
Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings
Published on: October 25, 2015
Provision of physiological data and reference values in awake and anaesthetized female sheep aged 6-12 months
Tim Kampmeier1, Philip Arnemann1, Michael Heßler1
1Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
Objective:
To provide physiological data and reference values in awake and anaesthetized sheep aged 6-12 months.
Study Design:
Descriptive study.
Animals:
Data from 260 female sheep of the species Ovis orientalis aries aged 6-12 months were extracted from 10 experimental trials.
Methods:
Data from pulmonary arterial thermodilution in awake (cohort 1; n = 109) and anaesthetized animals (cohort 2; n = 81), and transpulmonary thermodilution in anaesthetized animals (cohort 3; n = 70) were analysed. General anaesthesia was induced by intramuscular injection of S-ketamine and midazolam and maintained by inhaled isoflurane. Standard laboratory variables (blood gas and clinical chemistry) were assessed.
Results:
A total of 7553 single data entries from 260 healthy sheep were included. Measurement errors or invalid data documentation meant that 313 data entries (4.1%) were excluded. A small confidence interval for median values was calculated for nearly all variables. The median body weight was 39.8 kg (2.5-97.5th percentile 30.6-48.1 kg). A set of reference values (2.5-97.5th percentiles) is provided for common cardiopulmonary and laboratory variables. Compared to awake animals, haemodynamic variables were markedly influenced by anaesthesia, as reflected by a considerably lower stroke volume index in anaesthetized sheep. There were also differences in stroke volume index between the cohorts of pulmonary artery and transpulmonary thermodilution.
Conclusions And Clinical Relevance:
The present work presents a large and consistent database of a variety of physiological variables measured in healthy juvenile female sheep. The data appear to be robust and allow the establishment of standardized inclusion criteria for experimental studies and may help to better evaluate past, present and future research. Differences between pulmonary artery and transpulmonary thermodilution should be assessed in future studies.
