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Unsteady computational fluid dynamics in front crawl swimming.

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Summary

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations reveal that the hand generates the most propulsive force in crawl swimming. Optimal hand-forearm orientation and high angles of attack are key to maximizing swimming performance.

Keywords:
CFDURANS methodVOF methodk-ω SST turbulence modelpropulsive forces

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Biomechanics
  • Sports science

Background:

  • Advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and power calculations enable complex flow simulations, particularly in turbulent regimes.
  • Swimming research can leverage these advances to deepen understanding of dynamic swimming mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct an unsteady CFD analysis of the crawl swimming stroke.
  • To analyze propulsive forces generated by the hand and forearm.
  • To correlate these forces with arm kinematics parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach.
  • Employed the k-ω SST turbulence model.
  • Implemented an overset grid method for complex geometry.
  • Validated simulation results against experimental and numerical studies.

Main Results:

  • The hand segment generates the majority of propulsive forces during the aquatic stroke.
  • Pressure component is the primary contributor to force generation.
  • High angles of attack result in the largest propulsive forces.
  • Simulation model showed good agreement with existing studies.

Conclusions:

  • CFD is a valuable tool for analyzing swimming performance mechanisms.
  • Hand-forearm orientation is crucial for swimming performance, with high angles of attack being beneficial.
  • Further developments in CFD can aid in optimizing swimming performance through parametric studies.