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Related Concept Videos

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Related Experiment Video

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A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology
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[The inflammatory processes in atherogenesis].

Natalia Cichoń1, Dominika Lach1, Angela Dziedzic1

  • 1Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Poland.

Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski : Organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego
|March 24, 2017
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Summary

Atherosclerosis involves chronic inflammation and immune cell accumulation, leading to plaque rupture and coronary artery disease. Understanding these processes is key to preventing heart attacks.

Keywords:
atherogenesisatherosclerotic plaqueinflammatory mediators

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Atherogenesis, the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, underlies coronary artery disease.
  • This complex process is driven by chronic inflammation involving various immune cells, including T cells, B cells, monocytes, and macrophages.
  • Endothelial cell damage initiates the inflammatory cascade within artery walls.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving atherosclerotic plaque development and instability.
  • To highlight the role of chronic inflammation and immune cell infiltration in atherogenesis.
  • To explain how plaque characteristics predispose individuals to acute coronary syndromes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on atherogenesis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.
  • Analysis of the inflammatory processes involving immune cells, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species.
  • Examination of the structural changes in atherosclerotic plaques, including fibrous cap integrity and necrotic core formation.

Main Results:

  • Inflammatory cell accumulation enhances local inflammation via reactive oxygen species, cytokines, and metalloproteinases, accelerating lesion development.
  • Chronic inflammation leads to decreased elastin and collagen due to smooth muscle cell apoptosis, weakening the fibrous cap.
  • Plaque rupture is linked to a thin fibrous cap and a large necrotic core, promoting thrombus formation.

Conclusions:

  • Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by plaque buildup and instability.
  • Immune cell activity and extracellular matrix degradation are critical in driving plaque progression and rupture.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is vital for developing strategies to prevent plaque rupture and coronary artery disease.